Chip 1995 May/CHIP 1995 majus/CHIP_9502.ISO/internet/readme.inf

OS/2 Help File | 1994-10-08 | 41.8 KB | 1,053 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. What Is the Internet Connection for OS/2? ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Welcome to the Internet Connection for OS/2!

By using the IBM* Internet Connection for OS/2*, in conjunction with a service
provider such as Internet Connection Services, you can gain access to the
Internet.

The Internet is a computer network that spans the globe and links more than 20
million users. The participants in the Internet include universities,
corporations, non-profit organizations, and individuals - such as yourself -
who want to acquire, distribute, and share information.

Simple installation and automatic network connection and registration make
accessing the Internet easy for users at all levels of experience. Easy-to-use
graphical interfaces mask the traditional network complexities - allowing you
to focus on the information and services that you want rather than spending
time learning the nuances of networking.

Registering with a Service Provider

After you have installed the Internet Connection for OS/2, you must register
with and connect to a service provider.

To use Internet Connection Services, the default provider, select any
application icon in the Internet Connection for OS/2 folder.  When you are
asked if you want to connect to the Internet, select Connect.  The registration
process will begin.

After registration is complete, a connection will be established automatically
and the selected application will start. You only need to register once. The
next time you select an application before a connection has been established,
you will again be asked if you want to connect to the Internet, however, you
will not have to register again.

To use another service provider, select the Dial Other Internet Providers icon
in the Internet Utilities folder of the Internet Connection for OS/2 folder.
You will need to provide some additional configuration information such as the
provider's phone number, a subnet mask, and default servers - all of which are
supplied to you by your service provider.

Using the Internet Connection for OS/2

Once you have connected to a service provider, you can use the programs
provided in the Internet Connection for OS/2 to:

o Explore the Internet (Gopher)
o Send electronic mail (UltiMail Lite)
o Access online bulletin boards (NewsReader)
o Access information on other computers (Telnet)
o Transfer files between your computer and other computers (FTP)
o Create quick-access icons (Templates)

Note:  If you are a new Internet user, we suggest you begin with Gopher.
Gopher will allow you to explore the Internet and become familiar with the type
of information that is available.

Exploring the Internet

Gopher provides a hierarchical, menu-driven interface to assist you in finding,
displaying, and transferring information that is maintained on the Internet.
There is an abundance of information on the Internet - free software, the
latest weather and news, directories of Internet users, electronic books,
forums, recipes, and more.

Sending Electronic Mail

UltiMail Lite provides an easy-to-use interface for creating, sending, and
receiving electronic mail.  UltiMail Lite supports the MIME protocol, which
allows you to send multi-media mail such as video and audio clips.

Accessing Online Bulletin Boards

NewsReader allows you to share information with others using the various
newsgroups on the Internet. A newsgroup is basically an electronic conversation
among people who share a common interest. You gain access to these newsgroups
by connecting to a User Network (USENET) news server. On a USENET news server,
you will find facts, opinions, and information on almost any subject.

Accessing Information on Other Computers

Telnet allows you to log in to other computers on the Internet. Once you are
logged in, you can access information and programs located on other computers.

3270 Telnet is an application that allows you to access information and
programs located on computers on the Internet that support 3270 sessions.

Transferring Files Between Computers

FTP is an application that allows you to transfer data between your computer
and other computers on the Internet.

Creating Quick-Access Icons

The Internet Connection for OS/2 also provides a set of templates. A template
is an object that you can use as a model to create additional objects.  For
example, if you use Telnet to frequently access three different computers, you
may want to use a template to create three instances of the Telnet icon, each
with a different label and each connecting to a different computer when you
select it.

Internet Etiquette

When using NewsReader, there are definite guidelines outlining Internet
etiquette. The news.announce.newusers newsgroup contains information about the
Internet and the etiquette guidelines for network interaction. This newsgroup
contains valuable information for new users and should be reviewed in its
entirety.

If You Need Help

If you have difficulty using the Internet Connection for OS/2, please review
the online help for the program you are using. If you encounter problems
accessing the Internet, contact your service provider.

Reference Information

If you would like to learn more about the Internet, we suggest the following
publications:

o Paul Gilster, The Internet Navigator (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
  1993)

o Paul Gilster, Finding It On The Internet (New York: John Wiley and Sons,
  Inc., 1994)

o Harley Hahn and Rick Stout, The Internet Yellow Pages (Berkeley, California:
  Osborne McGraw-Hill, 1994)

o Peter Kent, 10 Minute Guide to the Internet (Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 1994)

o Ed Krol, The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog (Sebastopol, California:
  O'Reilly and Associates, Inc., 1992)

o John R. Levine and Carol Baroudi, The Internet for Dummies (San Mateo,
  California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1993)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> 3270 Session ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In Telnet sessions, data is passed a character at a time (or a line at a time
if you are using line mode), using only one line of the window for input.  In
3270 sessions, the remote computer makes use of the entire window - designating
some areas as protected areas, such as field descriptions, status areas, and
message areas, and others as unprotected areas that can accept input.  Then,
when you press enter, all data from the window is transmitted simultaneously.
Examples of computers that support 3270 sessions are VM and MVS hosts.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Trademark ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Trademark of International Business Machines.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Internet Etiquitte ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following is an excerpt from the NEWS.ANNOUNCE.NEWUSERS news group.  It
outlines some guidelines for communicating on the Internet.

A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community

Chuq Von Rospach

*** You now have access to Usenet, a network of thousands of computers.  Other
documents or your system administrator will provide detailed technical
documentation.  This message describes the Usenet culture and customs that have
developed over time.  All new users should read this message to find out how
Usenet works. ***

USENET is a large collection of computers that share data with each other.  It
is the people on these computers that make USENET worth the effort to read and
maintain, and for USENET to function properly those people must be able to
interact in productive ways.  This document is intended as a guide to using the
net in ways that will be pleasant and productive for everyone.

This document is not intended to teach you how to use USENET. Instead, it is a
guide to using it politely, effectively and efficiently.  Communication by
computer is new to almost everybody, and there are certain aspects that can
make it a frustrating experience until you get used to them.  This document
should help you avoid the worst traps.

The easiest way to learn how to use USENET is to watch how others use it.
Start reading the news and try to figure out what people are doing and why.
After a couple of weeks you will start understanding why certain things are
done and what things shouldn't be done.  There are documents available
describing the technical details of how to use the software.  These are
different depending on which programs you use to access the news.  You can get
copies of these from your system administrator.  If you do not know who that
person is, they can be contacted on most systems by mailing to account
"usenet".

Never Forget that the Person on the Other Side is Human

Because your interaction with the network is through a computer it is easy to
forget that there are people "out there." Situations arise where emotions erupt
into a verbal free-for-all that can lead to hurt feelings.  Please remember
that people all over the world are reading your words.  Do not attack people if
you cannot persuade them with your presentation of the facts.  Screaming,
cursing, and abusing others only serves to make people think less of you and
less willing to help you when you need it.

If you are upset at something or someone, wait until you have had a chance to
calm down and think about it.  A cup of (decaf!) coffee or a good night's sleep
works wonders on your perspective.  Hasty words create more problems than they
solve.  Try not to say anything to others you would not say to them in person
in a room full of people.

Don't Blame System Admins for their Users' Behavior

Sometimes, you may find it necessary to write to a system administrator about
something concerning his or her site.  Maybe it is a case of the software not
working, or a control message escaped, or maybe one of the users at that site
has done something you feel requires comment.  No matter how steamed you may
be, be polite to the sysadmin -- he or she may not have any idea of what you
are going to say, and may not have any part in the incidents involved.  By
being civil and temperate, you are more likely to obtain their courteous
attention and assistance.

Never Assume That a Person is Speaking for Their Organization

Many people who post to Usenet do so from machines at their office or school.
Despite that, never assume that the person is speaking for the organization
that they are posting their articles from (unless the person explicitly says
so).  Some people put explicit disclaimers to this effect in their messages,
but this is a good general rule.  If you find an article offensive, consider
taking it up with the person directly, or ignoring it.  Learn about "kill
files" in your newsreader, and other techniques for ignoring people whose
postings you find offensive.

Be Careful What You Say About Others

Please remember -- you read netnews; so do as many as 3,000,000 other people.
This group quite possibly includes your boss, your friend's boss, your girl
friend's brother's best friend and one of your father's beer buddies.
Information posted on the net can come back to haunt you or the person you are
talking about.

Think twice before you post personal information about yourself or others.
This applies especially strongly to groups like soc.singles and alt.sex but
even postings in groups like talk.politics.misc have included information about
the personal life of third parties that could get them into serious trouble if
it got into the wrong hands.

Be Brief

Never say in ten words what you can say in fewer.  Say it succinctly and it
will have a greater impact.  Remember that the longer you make your article,
the fewer people will bother to read it.

Your Postings Reflect Upon You -- Be Proud of Them

Most people on USENET will know you only by what you say and how well you say
it.  They may someday be your co-workers or friends.  Take some time to make
sure each posting is something that will not embarrass you later. Minimize your
spelling errors and make sure that the article is easy to read and understand.
Writing is an art and to do it well requires practice.  Since much of how
people judge you on the net is based on your writing, such time is well spent.

Use Descriptive Titles

The subject line of an article is there to enable a person with a limited
amount of time to decide whether or not to read your article.  Tell people what
the article is about before they read it.  A title like "Car for Sale" to
rec.autos does not help as much as "66 MG Midget for sale: Beaverton OR." Don't
expect people to read your article to find out what it is about because many of
them won't bother.  Some sites truncate the length of the subject line to 40
characters so keep your subjects short and to the point.

Think About Your Audience

When you post an article, think about the people you are trying to reach.
Asking UNIX(*) questions on rec.autos will not reach as many of the people you
want to reach as if you asked them on comp.unix.questions or
comp.unix.internals.  Try to get the most appropriate audience for your
message, not the widest.

It is considered bad form to post both to misc.misc, soc.net-people, or
misc.wanted and to some other newsgroup.  If it belongs in that other
newsgroup, it does not belong in misc.misc, soc.net-people, or misc.wanted.

If your message is of interest to a limited geographic area (apartments, car
sales, meetings, concerts, etc...), restrict the distribution of the message to
your local area.  Some areas have special newsgroups with geographical
limitations, and the recent versions of the news software allow you to limit
the distribution of material sent to world-wide newsgroups.  Check with your
system administrator to see what newsgroups are available and how to use them.

If you want to try a test of something, do not use a world-wide newsgroup!
Messages in misc.misc that say "This is a test" are likely to cause large
numbers of caustic messages to flow into your mailbox.  There are newsgroups
that are local to your computer or area that should be used. Your system
administrator can tell you what they are.

Be familiar with the group you are posting to before you post!  You shouldn't
post to groups you do not read, or post to groups you've only read a few
articles from -- you may not be familiar with the on-going conventions and
themes of the group.  One normally does not join a conversation by just walking
up and talking.  Instead, you listen first and then join in if you have
something pertinent to contribute.

Be Careful with Humor and Sarcasm

Without the voice inflections and body language of personal communications, it
is easy for a remark meant to be funny to be misinterpreted.  Subtle humor
tends to get lost, so take steps to make sure that people realize you are
trying to be funny.  The net has developed a symbol called the smiley face.  It
looks like ":-)" and points out sections of articles with humorous intent.  No
matter how broad the humor or satire, it is safer to remind people that you are
being funny.

But also be aware that quite frequently satire is posted without any explicit
indications.  If an article outrages you strongly, you should ask yourself if
it just may have been unmarked satire. Several self-proclaimed connoisseurs
refuse to use smiley faces, so take heed or you may make a temporary fool of
yourself.

Only Post a Message Once

Avoid posting messages to more than one newsgroup unless you are sure it is
appropriate.  If you do post to multiple newsgroups, do not post to each group
separately.  Instead, specify all the groups on a single copy of the message.
This reduces network overhead and lets people who subscribe to more than one of
those groups see the message once instead of having to wade through each copy.

Please Rotate Messages With Questionable Content

Certain newsgroups (such as rec.humor) have messages in them that may be
offensive to some people.  To make sure that these messages are not read unless
they are explicitly requested, these messages should be encrypted.  The
standard encryption method is to rotate each letter by thirteen characters so
that an "a" becomes an "n".  This is known on the network as "rot13" and when
you rotate a message the word "rot13" should be in the "Subject:" line.  Most
of the software used to read usenet articles have some way of encrypting and
decrypting messages.

Summarize What You are Following Up

When you are following up someone's article, please summarize the parts of the
article to which you are responding.  This allows readers to appreciate your
comments rather than trying to remember what the original article said.  It is
also possible for your response to get to some sites before the original
article.

Summarization is best done by including appropriate quotes from the original
article.  Do not include the entire article since it will irritate the people
who have already seen it.  Even if you are responding to the entire article,
summarize only the major points you are discussing.

When Summarizing, Summarize!

When you request information from the network, it is common courtesy to report
your findings so that others can benefit as well.  The best way of doing this
is to take all the responses that you received and edit them into a single
article that is posted to the places where you originally posted your question.
Take the time to strip headers, combine duplicate information, and write a
short summary.  Try to credit the information to the people that sent it to
you, where possible.

Use Mail, Don't Post a Follow-up

One of the biggest problems we have on the network is that when someone asks a
question, many people send out identical answers.  When this happens, dozens of
identical answers pour through the net.  Mail your answer to the person and
suggest that they summarize to the network.  This way the net will only see a
single copy of the answers, no matter how many people answer the question.

If you post a question, please remind people to send you the answers by mail
and at least offer to summarize them to the network.

Read All Follow-ups and Don't Repeat What Has Already Been Said

Before you submit a follow-up to a message, read the rest of the messages in
the newsgroup to see whether someone has already said what you want to say.  If
someone has, don't repeat it.

Check the Headers When Following Up

The news software has provisions to specify that follow-ups to an article
should go to a specific set of newsgroups -- possibly different from the
newsgroups to which the original article was posted.  Sometimes the groups
chosen for follow-ups are totally inappropriate, especially as a thread of
discussion changes with repeated postings.  You should carefully check the
groups and distributions given in the header and edit them as appropriate.  If
you change the groups named in the header, or if you direct follow-ups to a
particular group, say so in the body of the message -- not everyone reads the
headers of postings.

Be Careful About Copyrights and Licenses

Once something is posted onto the network, it is *probably* in the public
domain unless you own the appropriate rights (most notably, if you wrote the
thing yourself) and you post it with a valid copyright notice; a court would
have to decide the specifics and there are arguments for both sides of the
issue. Now that the US has ratified the Berne convention, the issue is even
murkier (if you are a poster in the US).  For all practical purposes, though,
assume that you effectively give up the copyright if you don't put in a notice.
Of course, the *information* becomes public, so you mustn't post trade secrets
that way.

When posting material to the network, keep in mind that material that is
UNIX-related may be restricted by the license you or your company signed with
AT&T and be careful not to violate it.  You should also be aware that posting
movie reviews, song lyrics, or anything else published under a copyright could
cause you, your company, or members of the net community to be held liable for
damages, so we highly recommend caution in using this material.

Cite Appropriate References

If you are using facts to support a cause, state where they came from. Don't
take someone else's ideas and use them as your own.  You don't want someone
pretending that your ideas are theirs; show them the same respect.

Mark or Rotate Answers and Spoilers

When you post something (like a movie review that discusses a detail of the
plot) which might spoil a surprise for other people, please mark your message
with a warning so that they can skip the message.  Another alternative would be
to use the "rot13" protocol to encrypt the message so it cannot be read
accidentally.  When you post a message with a spoiler in it make sure the word
"spoiler" is part of the "Subject:" line.

Spelling Flames Considered Harmful

Every few months a plague descends on USENET called the spelling flame. It
starts out when someone posts an article correcting the spelling or grammar in
some article.  The immediate result seems to be for everyone on the net to turn
into a 6th grade English teacher and pick apart each other's postings for a few
weeks.  This is not productive and tends to cause people who used to be friends
to get angry with each other.

It is important to remember that we all make mistakes, and that there are many
users on the net who use English as a second language.  There are also a number
of people who suffer from dyslexia and who have difficulty noticing their
spelling mistakes. If you feel that you must make a comment on the quality of a
posting, please do so by mail, not on the network.

Don't Overdo Signatures

Signatures are nice, and many people can have a signature added to their
postings automatically by placing it in a file called "$HOME/.signature".
Don't overdo it.  Signatures can tell the world something about you, but keep
them short.  A signature that is longer than the message itself is considered
to be in bad taste.  The main purpose of a signature is to help people locate
you, not to tell your life story.  Every signature should include at least your
return address relative to a major, known site on the network and a proper
domain-format address.  Your system administrator can give this to you.  Some
news posters attempt to enforce a 4 line limit on signature files -- an amount
that should be more than sufficient to provide a return address and
attribution.

Limit Line Length and Avoid Control Characters

Try to keep your text in a generic format.  Many (if not most) of the people
reading Usenet do so from 80 column terminals or from workstations with 80
column terminal windows.  Try to keep your lines of text to less than 80
characters for optimal readability. If people quote part of your article in a
followup, short lines will probably show up better, too.

Also realize that there are many, many different forms of terminals in use.  If
you enter special control characters in your message, it may result in your
message being unreadable on some terminal types; a character sequence that
causes reverse video on your screen may result in a keyboard lock and graphics
mode on someone else's terminal.  You should also try to avoid the use of tabs,
too, since they may also be interpreted differently on terminals other than
your own.

Please Do Not Use Usenet as a Resource for Homework Assignments

Usenet is not a resource for homework or class assignments. A common new user
reaction to learning of all these people out there holding discussions is to
view them as a great resource for gathering information for reports and papers.
Trouble is, after seeing a few hundred such requests, most people get tired of
them, and won't reply anyway. Certainly not in the expected or hoped-for
numbers. Posting student questionnaires automatically brands you a "newbie" and
does not usually garner much more than a tiny number of replies.  Further, some
of those replies are likely to be incorrect.

Instead, read the group of interest for a while, and find out what the main
"threads" are - what are people discussing? Are there any themes you can
discover?  Are there different schools of thought?

Only post something after you've followed the group for a few weeks, after you
have read the Frequently Asked Questions posting if the group has one, and if
you still have a question or opinion that others will probably find
interesting.  If you have something interesting to contribute, you'll find that
you gain almost instant acceptance, and your posting will generate a large
number of follow-up postings. Use these in your research; it is a far more
efficient (and accepted) way to learn about the group than to follow that first
instinct and post a simple questionnaire.

Please Do Not Use Usenet as an Advertising Medium

Advertisements on Usenet are rarely appreciated.  In general, the louder or
more inappropriate the ad is, the more antagonism it will stir up. The
accompanying posting "Rules for posting to Usenet" has more on this in the
section about "Announcement of professional products or services". Try the
biz.* hierarchies instead.

Avoid Posting to Multiple Newsgroups

Few things annoy Usenet readers as much as multiple copies of a posting
appearing in multiple newsgroups.  (called 'spamming' for historical reasons) A
posting that is cross-posted (i.e lists multiple newsgroups on the Newsgroups:
header line) to a few appropriate newsgroups is fine, but even with
cross-posts, restraint is advised.  For a cross-post, you may want to set the
Followup-To: header line to the most suitable group for the rest of the
discussion.

Summary of Things to Remember

Never forget that the person on the other side is human.
Don't blame system admins for their users' behavior.
Never assume that a person is speaking for their organization.
Be careful what you say about others.
Be brief.
Your postings reflect upon you; be proud of them.
Use descriptive titles
Think about your audience.
Be careful with humor and sarcasm.
Only post a message once.
Please rotate material with questionable content.
Summarize what you are following up.
Use mail, don't post a follow-up.
Read all follow-ups and don't repeat what has already been said.
Double-check follow-up newsgroups and distributions.
Be careful about copyrights and licenses.
Cite appropriate references.
When summarizing, summarize.
Mark or rotate answers or spoilers.
Spelling flames considered harmful.
Don't overdo signatures.
Limit line length and avoid control characters.
Please do not use Usenet as a resource for homework assignments.
Please do not use Usenet as an advertising medium.
Avoid posting to multiple newsgroups.

Note:  This document is in the public domain and may be reproduced or excerpted
by anyone wishing to do so.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> accelerator key ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A key or combination of keys that invokes an application-defined function.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> action bar ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The highlighted area at the top of a panel that contains the choices currently
available in the application program that a user is running.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> address ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The unique code assigned to each device or workstation connected to a network.
A standard internet address (or IP address) is a 32-bit address field. This
field contains two parts. The first part is the network address; the second
part is the host number.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> AIX ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Advanced Interactive Executive. The AIX operating system is IBM's
implementation of the UNIX operating system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> ANSI ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

American National Standards Institute. ANSI is an organization consisting of
producers, consumers, and general interest groups that establishes the
procedures by which accredited organizations create and maintain voluntary
industry standards in the United States.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> application ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A collection of software components used to perform specific types of
user-oriented work on a computer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> argument ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Any value of an independent variable; for example, a search key.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> ASCII ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

American National Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the
standard code used for information interchange among data processing systems,
data communication systems, and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of
control characters and graphic characters.

ASCII is the default file transfer type for FTP, used to transfer files that
contain ASCII text characters.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> attribute ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A characteristic or property of a file, directory, window, or object; for
example, the color of a line, or the length of a data field.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> authorization ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The right granted to a user or group of users to communicate with, or to make
use of, a computer system, network, database, or service.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> button ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A mechanism on a pointing device, such as a mouse, or an area on the computer
screen, used to request or initiate an action.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> cascaded menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A menu that appears when the arrow to the right of a cascading choice is
selected.  Cascaded menus are used to reduce the length of a menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> case-sensitive ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A condition in which entries for a field must conform to a specific lowercase,
uppercase, or mixed-case format in order to be valid.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> click ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To press and release the select button on a mouse without moving the pointer
off the choice.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> client ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A function that requests services from a server and makes them available to the
user.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> clipboard ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An area of memory that temporarily holds data being passed from one program to
another.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> command ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A statement used to request a function of the system.  A command consists of
the command name abbreviation, which identifies the requested function, and its
parameters.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> command prompt ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A displayed symbol that indicates where you enter commands.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> CONFIG.SYS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A file that exists in the root directory and contains statements that set up
the system configuration each time you restart the operating system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> configuration file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A file that describes the devices, optional features, communications
parameters, and programs installed on a workstation.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> connection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A communication link from a local device to a shared resource on a server.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> default ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A value, attribute, or option that is assumed when none is explicitly
specified.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> dialog box ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A movable window, fixed in size, which provides information that is required by
an application to continue your request.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A named grouping of files in a file system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> domain ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In an internet, a part of the naming hierarchy. A domain name consists of a
sequence of names (labels) separated by periods (dots).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> domain name ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A name of a host system in a network.  A domain name consists of a sequence of
names (labels) separated by a periods (dots).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> dotted-decimal notation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The syntactical representation for a 32-bit integer that consists of four 8-bit
numbers, written in base 10 and separated by periods (dots). It is used to
represent IP addresses.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> drive ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The device used to read and write data on disks or diskettes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> entry field ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A panel element, usually highlighted in some manner and usually with its
boundaries indicated, where users type in information.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> File Transfer Protocol (FTP) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An application protocol used for transferring files to and from host computers.
FTP requires a user ID and sometimes a password to allow access to files on a
remote host system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> folder ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A container used to organize objects, programs, templates, documents, other
folders, or any combination of these.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> FTP ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

File Transfer Protocol.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> gateway ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A functional unit that connects a local data network with another network
having different protocols. See also router.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> host ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Any system that has at least one Internet address associated with it.  A host
with multiple network interfaces may have multiple Internet addresses
associated with it.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> interactive ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Pertaining to a program or a system that alternately accepts input and then
responds. An interactive system is conversational, that is, a continuous dialog
exists between user and system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An organization of national standards bodies from various countries established
to promote development of standards to facilitate international exchange of
goods and services, and develop cooperation in intellectual, scientific,
technological, and economic activity.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Internet ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A wide area network connecting thousands of disparate networks in industry,
education, government, and research. The Internet network uses TCP/IP as the
standard for transmitting information.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> internet address ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The unique 32-bit address identifying each device or workstation in the
Internet.  Also known as IP address. See also address.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> ISO ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

International Organization for Standardization.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> LAN ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Local area network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> local area network (LAN) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A network in which communications usually cover a moderate-sized geographic
area, such as a single office building, warehouse, or campus, and that does not
extend across public rights-of-way.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> mapping ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The process of relating internet (IP) addresses to physical addresses in the
network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> mark ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A method of highlighting text or graphics that you want to perform clipboard
actions on (cut, copy, paste, or delete).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> menu bar ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The highlighted area at the top of the panel that contains the choices
currently available in the application program that a user is running.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> menu item ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An item on a pull-down menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> modem (modulator/demodulator) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A device that converts digital data from a computer to an analog signal that
can be transmitted on a telecommunications line, and converts the analog signal
received to data for the computer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> mouse ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A device that is used to move a pointer on the screen and select items.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The operating system that manages System/370* computers.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> MVS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

See Multiple Virtual Storage.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> name server ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A host that provides name resolution for a network. Name servers translate
symbolic names assigned to networks and hosts into the Internet (IP) addresses
used by machines.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> network ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A configuration of data processing devices connected for the purpose of sharing
resources and for information exchange.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Operating System/2. OS/2 is an IBM licensed program that can be sued as the
operating system for personal computers.  OS/2 can perform multiple tasks at
the same time.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> parameter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A variable used in conjunction with a command to affect its result.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> parse ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To analyze the operands entered with a command and create a parameter list in
the command processor from the information.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> path ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A statement that indicates where a file is stored on a particular drive.  The
path consists of all the directories that must be opened to get to a particular
file.  The directory names are separated by the backslash (\).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> PMANT ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An OS/2 application used to access computers that support 3270 sessions, such
as MVS and VM host computers.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> port ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A 16-bit number used to communicate between TCP and a higher-level protocol or
application.  Some protocols such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and the
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), use the same port number in all TCP/IP
implementations.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Presentation Manager (PM) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A component of OS/2 that provides a complete graphics-based user interface,
with pull-down windows, menu bars, and layered menus.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The set of rules governing the operation of functional units of a communication
system if communication is to take place. Protocols can determine low-level
details of machine-to-machine interfaces, such as the order in which bits from
a byte are sent; they can also determine high-level exchanges between
application programs, such as file transfer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> pull-down menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An extension of the action bar that displays a list of choices available for a
selected menu bar choice.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> push button ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A rectangle labeled with text or graphics or both.  Push buttons are used in
windows for actions that occur immediately when the push button is selected.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> remote host ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Any host on a network other than the (local) host you are using.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> remote logon ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To begin a session with a remote host.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> router ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A device that connects two or more networks.  A router can send information
from a device on one network to a device on another network by the most
efficient route. See also gateway.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> SENDMAIL ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The OS/2 mail server that uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol to route mail from
one host to another host on the network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> serial line ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A network medium that is the de facto standard, not an international standard,
commonly used for point-to-point TCP/IP connections. Generally, a serial line
consists of an RS-232 connection into a modem and over a telephone line.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> server ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A resource that provides shared services to workstations over a network; for
example, a file server, a print server, a mail server.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> socket ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An endpoint for communication between processes or applications.

A pair consisting of TCP port and IP address, or UDP port and IP address.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> subdirectory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A directory contained within another directory in a file system hierarchy.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> subnet ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A networking scheme that divides a single logical network into smaller physical
networks to simplify routing.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> subnet mask ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A bit template that identifies to the TCP/IP protocol code the bits of the host
address that are to be used for routing to specific subnets.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> TCP ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Transmission Control Protocol.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> TCP/IP ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Telnet ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Terminal Emulation Protocol, a TCP/IP application protocol for remote
connection service. Telnet allows a user at one site to gain access to a remote
host as if the user's workstation were connected directly to that remote host.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> terminal emulator ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A program that allows a device such as a microcomputer or personal computer to
operate as if it were a particular type of terminal linked to a processing unit
and to access data.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> time stamp ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The identification of the day and time when a file was created.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> TN3270 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An informally defined protocol for transmitting 3270 data streams over Telnet.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A suite of protocols designed to allow communication between networks
regardless of the communication technologies used in each network.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Virtual Machine (VM) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A virtual data processing system that appears to be at the exclusive disposal
of a particular user, but whose functions are accomplished by sharing the
resources of a real data processing system.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> VM ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Virtual machine.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An area of the screen with visible boundaries within which information is
displayed.  A window can be smaller than or the same size as the screen.
Windows can appear to overlap on the screen.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> workstation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Personal computer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> working directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The directory in which an application program is found. The working directory
becomes the current directory when the application is started.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden> Trademark ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Trademark of International Business Machines.